Studies of homogeneous crowd flow rate through bottlenecks

openaccess, Vol. 646 (06) 2026 / czwartek, 25 czerwca, 2026

Badania przepływu tłumu jednorodnego przez przewężenia

(Open Access)

DOI: 10.15199/33.2026.06.06

citation/cytuj: Pecio M. Studies of homogeneous crowd flow rate through bottlenecks. Materiały Budowlane. 2026. Volume 646. Issue 06. Pages 46-58. DOI: 10.15199/33.2026.06.06

This article presents findings on crowd flow through bottlenecks, focusing on previously unpublished flow parameters observed within a homogeneous crowd. The results showing heightened emotional responses are particularly notable. The results were compared with existing literature, revealing notable deviations from widely accepted simulation parameters. In addition, two previously undocumented phenomena were observed and documented: rotation and the displacement of people.

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących przepływu tłumu przez przewężenia, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wcześniej niepublikowanych parametrów przepływu zaobserwowanych w tłumie jednorodnym. Szczególnie istotnym aspektem badania są wyniki wskazujące na nasilone reakcje emocjonalne. Uzyskane rezultaty porównano z istniejącą literaturą, co ujawniło znaczne odchylenia od powszechnie akceptowanych parametrów przyjmowanych do symulacji. Ponadto zaobserwowano i udokumentowano dwa wcześniej nieopisywane zjawiska: rotację oraz wypychanie osób po przejściu przez przewężenia.
evacuation; crowd evacuation; flow rate; bottleneck.

ewakuacja; ewakuacja tłumu; przepływ; przewężenie.
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dr inż. Mariusz Pecio, Akademia Pożarnicza, Wydział Inżynierii Bezpieczeństwa i Ochrony Ludności
ORCID: 0000-0003-2648-7075

dr inż. Mariusz Pecio, Akademia Pożarnicza, Wydział Inżynierii Bezpieczeństwa i Ochrony Ludności
ORCID: 0000-0003-2648-7075

Correspondence address: mpecio@apoz.edu.pl

Full paper:

DOI: 10.15199/33.2026.06.06

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Received: 19.01.2025 / Artykuł wpłynął do redakcji: 19.01.2026 r.
Revised: 09.03.2025 / Otrzymano poprawiony po recenzjach: 09.03.2026 r.
Published: 24.06.2026 / Opublikowano: 24.06.2026 r.